Sometimes, especially in older machines, the CPU temperature may rise above it's normal threshold.
This is usually not an issue with new CPUs, since they don't consume power so much.

But since we are talking about older computers, over heating may become an issue and I write this topic
about how to deal with it.

First of all, old CPU units tend to consume much power, which leads to heating. there is no way out of the fact.
This is the reason why desktop computers usually have huge cooling units - of various kinds, which themselves
produce again more heat - there is no way out of this thermodynamic fact. The extra heat must go somewhere.
Desktops just "blow away" the heat into room air, which is usually always much cooler.

But how about older laptops. They don't have efficient cooling systems and sometimes the CPU temperature
just hits it's maxium. There are many ways to deal with this situation though. I try to explain some of them here.
The first one is kernel-dependent, meaning that you cannot use it if the running kernel does not support it.
To find out, open the console and command:

:'( :'(
hello guys, am new with linux
i made a frech installation but my wifi doesn't work
i follwed these instruction and noth
https://medium.com/@elmaxx/rtl8821ae-wif...1286524afa

my wifi is realtek rtl 8723AE
thanks

Hi everyone. I need help choosing my USB wireless adapter when connecting to WiFi. When creating a new connection I only get the drop down option for the internal card but would like to connect through the external.
Below my configuration.

inxi -Fx
System:    Host: xps Kernel: 4.15.0-36-generic x86_64 bits: 64 gcc: 7.3.0
          Desktop: Xfce 4.12.3 (Gtk 2.24.31) Distro: Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS
Machine:  Device: portable System: Dell product: Dell System XPS L702X serial: N/A
          Mobo: Dell model: 0XN71K v: FAB1 serial: N/A
          UEFI [Legacy]: Dell v: A19 date: 09/07/2012
Battery    BAT0: charge: 0.0 Wh 0.0% condition: 33.1/93.2 Wh (36%)
          model: SANYO Dell status: N/A
CPU:      Quad core Intel Core i7-2720QM (-MT-MCP-)
          arch: Sandy Bridge rev.7 cache: 6144 KB
          flags: (lm nx sse sse2 sse3 sse4_1 sse4_2 ssse3 vmx) bmips: 17560
          clock speeds: max: 3300 MHz 1: 798 MHz 2: 798 MHz 3: 798 MHz
          4: 798 MHz 5: 798 MHz 6: 798 MHz 7: 798 MHz 8: 798 MHz
Graphics:  Card-1: Intel 2nd Generation Core Integrated Graphics Controller
          bus-ID: 00:02.0
          Card-2: NVIDIA GF116M [GeForce GT 555M/635M] bus-ID: 01:00.0
          Display Server: x11 (X.Org 1.19.6 )
          drivers: modesetting,nvidia (unloaded: fbdev,vesa,nouveau)
          Resolution: [email protected]
          OpenGL: renderer: GeForce GT 555M/PCIe/SSE2
          version: 4.6.0 NVIDIA 390.77 Direct Render: Yes
Audio:    Card Intel 6 Series/C200 Series Family High Def. Audio Controller
          driver: snd_hda_intel bus-ID: 00:1b.0
          Sound: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture v: k4.15.0-36-generic
Network:  Card-1: Intel Centrino Advanced-N 6230 [Rainbow Peak]
          driver: iwlwifi bus-ID: 03:00.0
          IF: wlp3s0 state: up mac: 88:53:2e:0c:21:9b
          Card-2: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCIE Gigabit Ethernet Controller
          driver: r8169 v: 2.3LK-NAPI port: 2000 bus-ID: 0a:00.0
          IF: p5p1 state: down mac: 84:8f:69:bb:9f:af
          Card-3: Ralink MT7601U Wireless Adapter usb-ID: 002-125
          IF: null-if-id state: N/A mac: N/A
Drives:    HDD Total Size: 160.0GB (46.1% used)
          ID-1: /dev/sda model: ST9160310AS size: 160.0GB
Partition: ID-1: / size: 146G used: 69G (50%) fs: ext4 dev: /dev/sda1
RAID:      No RAID devices: /proc/mdstat, md_mod kernel module present
Sensors:  System Temperatures: cpu: 54.0C mobo: 54.0C gpu: 0.0:53C
          Fan Speeds (in rpm): cpu: N/A
Info:      Processes: 259 Uptime: 13:08 Memory: 2329.9/3838.4MB
          Init: systemd runlevel: 5 Gcc sys: 7.3.0
          Client: Shell (bash 4.4.191) inxi: 2.3.56


After doing a little research, I found this post on installing the drivers but I get an error at the end.
https://kenelm1985.wordpress.com/2015/05...-on-linux/

sudo make
make -C tools
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/tools'
gcc -g bin2h.c -o bin2h
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/tools'
/home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/tools/bin2h
chipset = mt7650u
chipset = mt7630u
chipset = mt7610u
cp -f os/linux/Makefile.6 /home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/Makefile
make -C /lib/modules/4.15.0-36-generic/build SUBDIRS=/home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux modules
make[1]: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-4.15.0-36-generic'
Makefile:975: "Cannot use CONFIG_STACK_VALIDATION=y, please install libelf-dev, libelf-devel or elfutils-libelf-devel"
  CC [M]  /home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/../../os/linux/rt_profile.o
/home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/../../os/linux/rt_profile.c: In function ‘announce_802_3_packet’:
/home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/../../os/linux/rt_profile.c:334:16: warning: unused variable ‘pAd’ [-Wunused-variable]
  RTMP_ADAPTER *pAd = (RTMP_ADAPTER *)pAdSrc;
                ^~~
In file included from /home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/include/rtmp_os.h:44:0,
                from /home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/include/rtmp_comm.h:75,
                from /home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/include/rt_config.h:33,
                from /home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/../../os/linux/rt_profile.c:28:
/home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/../../os/linux/rt_profile.c: In function ‘STA_MonPktSend’:
/home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/../../os/linux/rt_profile.c:443:35: warning: format ‘%d’ expects argument of type ‘int’, but argument 3 has type ‘long unsigned int’ [-Wformat=]
        DBGPRINT(RT_DEBUG_ERROR, ("%s : Size is too large! (%d)\n", __FUNCTION__, pRxBlk->DataSize + sizeof(wlan_ng_prism2_header)));
                                  ^                                              ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/include/os/rt_linux.h:660:16: note: in definition of macro ‘DBGPRINT_RAW’
        printk Fmt;              \
                ^~~
/home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/../../os/linux/rt_profile.c:443:9: note: in expansion of macro ‘DBGPRINT’
        DBGPRINT(RT_DEBUG_ERROR, ("%s : Size is too large! (%d)\n", __FUNCTION__, pRxBlk->DataSize + sizeof(wlan_ng_prism2_header)));
        ^~~~~~~~
  CC [M]  /home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/../../sta/assoc.o
  CC [M]  /home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/../../sta/auth.o
  CC [M]  /home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/../../sta/auth_rsp.o
  CC [M]  /home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/../../sta/sync.o
  CC [M]  /home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/../../sta/sanity.o
  CC [M]  /home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/../../sta/rtmp_data.o
  CC [M]  /home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/../../sta/connect.o
  CC [M]  /home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/../../sta/wpa.o
  CC [M]  /home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/../../sta/sta_cfg.o
/home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/../../sta/sta_cfg.c: In function ‘Set_EncrypType_Proc’:
/home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/../../sta/sta_cfg.c:789:5: warning: this ‘else’ clause does not guard... [-Wmisleading-indentation]
    else
    ^~~~
/home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/../../sta/sta_cfg.c:792:2: note: ...this statement, but the latter is misleadingly indented as if it were guarded by the ‘else’
  if (pAd->StaCfg.BssType == BSS_ADHOC)
  ^~
/home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/../../sta/sta_cfg.c: In function ‘RTMPIoctlShow’:
/home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/../../sta/sta_cfg.c:5401:85: error: macro "__DATE__" might prevent reproducible builds [-Werror=date-time]
intf(extra, size, "Driver version-%s, %s %s\n", STA_DRIVER_VERSION, __DATE__, __TIME__ );
                                                                    ^~~~~~~~
/home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/../../sta/sta_cfg.c:5401:95: error: macro "__TIME__" might prevent reproducible builds [-Werror=date-time]
, size, "Driver version-%s, %s %s\n", STA_DRIVER_VERSION, __DATE__, __TIME__ );
                                                                    ^~~~~~~~
/home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/../../sta/sta_cfg.c: In function ‘RtmpIoctl_rt_ioctl_siwfreq’:
/home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/../../sta/sta_cfg.c:5647:5: warning: this ‘else’ clause does not guard... [-Wmisleading-indentation]
    else
    ^~~~
/home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/../../sta/sta_cfg.c:5650:2: note: ...this statement, but the latter is misleadingly indented as if it were guarded by the ‘else’
  return NDIS_STATUS_SUCCESS;
  ^~~~~~
/home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/../../sta/sta_cfg.c: In function ‘RtmpIoctl_rt_ioctl_giwrate’:
/home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/../../sta/sta_cfg.c:7518:5: warning: this ‘if’ clause does not guard... [-Wmisleading-indentation]
    if (rate_index >= rate_count)
    ^~
/home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/../../sta/sta_cfg.c:7521:2: note: ...this statement, but the latter is misleadingly indented as if it were guarded by the ‘if’
  *(ULONG *)pData = ralinkrate[rate_index] * 500000;
  ^
cc1: some warnings being treated as errors
scripts/Makefile.build:332: recipe for target '/home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/../../sta/sta_cfg.o' failed
make[2]: *** [/home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux/../../sta/sta_cfg.o] Error 1
Makefile:1551: recipe for target '_module_/home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux' failed
make[1]: *** [_module_/home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-4.15.0-36-generic'
Makefile:393: recipe for target 'LINUX' failed
make: *** [LINUX] Error 2
idiaz  ~  Downloads  usb  sudo make install
make -C /home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux -f Makefile.6 install
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux'
rm -rf /etc/Wireless/RT2860STA
mkdir /etc/Wireless/RT2860STA
cp /home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/conf/RT2860STA.dat /etc/Wireless/RT2860STA/.
install -d /lib/modules/4.15.0-36-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/
install -m 644 -c mt7650u_sta.ko /lib/modules/4.15.0-36-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/
install: cannot stat 'mt7650u_sta.ko': No such file or directory
Makefile.6:454: recipe for target 'install' failed
make[1]: *** [install] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/idiaz/Downloads/usb/os/linux'
Makefile:489: recipe for target 'install' failed
make: *** [install] Error 2

Bonjour tout le monde / Hello everyone 

Thanks again to Jerry for the greetings.

I've been following this forum for a little while now. I bought an old 14" Toshiba Satellite laptop, with 1.5 Gb RAM from the Windows Vista era, with a dysfunctional Windows 7 on it, for $30CAD, in view of installing LL on it.  8)

I've initially installed LL in September x2 but updates installation failed.... put it aside. I gave it a second go today, x2 failed installations (combined with updates), because hard drive was heating up too much and probably needed replacing, according to install assistant.  :o

I decided to cool this laptop down fast by placing it on the cold ceramic floor for 2 hours and see if I could safe myself a hard drive purchase.

I did the installation this time, opting for installing updates separately.  : So far so good !!

I installed Linux Mint Cinnamon 18 on my initial 10 y.-o. desktop when its hard drive died last year, and planning on installing LMDE on another desktop I just acquired for this purpose (this one has Ubuntu 16 on it, installed by the person who sold it to me).

I'm francophone from Québec. If I can be of some help in French, at explaining or translating, probably better than automated translators,  I'll be pleased to do so. Keeping in mind that I'm a Linux newbie.  :

See you on the forums.
Helena from Québec 

For anyone who has a newer computer as I do and has UEFI or EFI as the case may be, you might find this link useful. It will not be long where bios will be replaced and EFI will be the standard.

just wanted to do a quick pop-in and say hello! im happy to have joined the forums! long time user of ubuntu and linux mint, but a complete convert since LL4.0.

hi all!  8)

Hi Guys,
Yup, just tried to install gscan2pdf from command line & ...er I've forgotten my system password. I've rummaged thoroughly in my password book & can't find it anywhere. How scr^*ed am I ? 

I've gone as far as I will go with this for now. The links below lead to the last tutorial, and the download. From now on there will just be additions and improvements to the scripts and interface which you can look for on my website. I can finally work on some more complex functions that the API offers like exchange rates, trend lines, algorithms, etc. As long as the API remains free and open I will continue to add functionality to the LL interface and scripts. If you are new to this please read through all the tutorials, and if you choose to download the interface and scripts please read the Read_Me_Help file thoroughly, and please direct any other questions to my email or messages rather than the forum.

https://www.dbts-analytics.com/infce2tut.html
https://www.dbts-analytics.com/tcdwnlds/tutdwnlds.html
TC

The message asks me to post a log of the results so I guess someone might have a solution? And yes I am connected to the internet...
Here is the log:



============ Log ===========


Hit:1 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:2 http://ppa.launchpad.net/apt-fast/stable/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:3 http://mirror.unlockforus.com/linuxlite diamond InRelease
Get:4 http://ppa.launchpad.net/jlbarriere68/noson-app/ubuntu bionic InRelease [15.9 kB]
Hit:5 http://repo.sinew.in stable InRelease
Hit:6 http://ppa.launchpad.net/openshot.developers/ppa/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Get:7 http://ppa.launchpad.net/otto-kesselgulasch/gimp/ubuntu bionic InRelease [15.4 kB]
Hit:8 https://repo.skype.com/deb stable InRelease
Hit:9 http://ppa.launchpad.net/teejee2008/ppa/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Get:10 http://ppa.launchpad.net/jlbarriere68/noson-app/ubuntu bionic/main i386 Packages [672 B]
Hit:11 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Get:12 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease [83.2 kB]
Ign:13 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease
Get:14 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable Release [943 B]
Get:15 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable Release.gpg [819 B]
Get:16 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease [88.7 kB]
Get:17 http://ppa.launchpad.net/jlbarriere68/noson-app/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages [676 B]
Get:18 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease [74.6 kB]
Get:19 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-proposed InRelease [242 kB]
Get:20 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [204 B]
Get:21 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [9,396 B]
Get:22 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe DEP-11 48x48 Icons [9,088 B]
Get:23 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [16.3 kB]
Get:24 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main i386 Packages [381 kB]
Get:25 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 Packages [427 kB]
Get:26 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [191 kB]
Get:27 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main DEP-11 48x48 Icons [47.1 kB]
Get:28 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [89.9 kB]
Get:29 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/restricted i386 Packages [6,964 B]
Get:30 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/restricted amd64 Packages [7,024 B]
Get:31 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe i386 Packages [569 kB]
Get:32 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 Packages [574 kB]
Get:33 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe Translation-en [154 kB]
Hit:34 http://repository.spotify.com stable InRelease
Get:35 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [194 kB]
Get:36 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe DEP-11 48x48 Icons [187 kB]
Get:37 http://ppa.launchpad.net/otto-kesselgulasch/gimp/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages [8,472 B]
Get:38 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [322 kB]
Get:39 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/multiverse i386 Packages [5,860 B]
Get:40 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages [5,716 B]
Get:41 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/multiverse amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [2,464 B]
Get:42 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [5,100 B]
Get:43 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-proposed/multiverse amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [2,468 B]
Get:44 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-proposed/main amd64 Packages [83.6 kB]
Get:45 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-proposed/main i386 Packages [70.3 kB]
Get:46 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-proposed/main Translation-en [35.8 kB]
Get:47 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-proposed/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [76.7 kB]
Get:48 http://ppa.launchpad.net/otto-kesselgulasch/gimp/ubuntu bionic/main i386 Packages [8,492 B]
Get:49 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-proposed/main DEP-11 48x48 Icons [14.1 kB]
Get:50 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-proposed/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [23.6 kB]
Get:51 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-proposed/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [115 kB]
Get:52 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-proposed/universe DEP-11 48x48 Icons [115 kB]
Get:53 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-proposed/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [180 kB]
Hit:54 http://linux.teamviewer.com/deb stable InRelease
Hit:55 http://linux.teamviewer.com/deb preview InRelease
Reading package lists...
E: Repository 'http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable Release' changed its 'Origin' value from 'Google, Inc.' to 'Google LLC'


So I cant seem to do updates.. anybody??

Hello,


I am trying to boot LL 4.2 using USB key on a Dell Dimension C521 running Windows Vista (this old PC is owned by a family's member).


But I got a message  telling me to specify "noapic" for boot.


There is no option in setup to do that.


I had a look on files on USB key but didn't find any "config" file to do that.


I would appreciate if anyone know a way to specify this option at boot time.


Many thanks in advance.